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  • More
    • Home
    • About
    • Knobology
      • What is Ultrasound
      • Cardinal Movements
      • Ultrasound Modes
    • Cardiac
      • Basic Cardiac Views
      • LV Function
      • RV Function
      • Aortic Regurgitation
      • Aortic Stenosis
      • Mitral Regurgitation
      • Tricuspid Regurgitation
    • Lung
      • Lung Assessment
      • Pneumothorax
      • Pleural Effusion
    • Volume
      • JVP
      • IVC
    • Abdomen/Renal
      • FAST Exam
      • Hydronephrosis
    • Advanced
      • THI/Dynamic Range
      • Velocity Time Integral
      • LVOT VTI
      • VEXUS
    • GIM Fellows
    • POCUS Selective
    • Contact
  • Home
  • About
  • Knobology
    • What is Ultrasound
    • Cardinal Movements
    • Ultrasound Modes
  • Cardiac
    • Basic Cardiac Views
    • LV Function
    • RV Function
    • Aortic Regurgitation
    • Aortic Stenosis
    • Mitral Regurgitation
    • Tricuspid Regurgitation
  • Lung
    • Lung Assessment
    • Pneumothorax
    • Pleural Effusion
  • Volume
    • JVP
    • IVC
  • Abdomen/Renal
    • FAST Exam
    • Hydronephrosis
  • Advanced
    • THI/Dynamic Range
    • Velocity Time Integral
    • LVOT VTI
    • VEXUS
  • GIM Fellows
  • POCUS Selective
  • Contact

FAST Exam

  • The FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) exam is a rapid bedside ultrasound exam used to detect free fluid (internal bleeding) in trauma patients. 
  • It assess 4 core areas, while extended FAST (E-FAST) adds lung views to assess for pneumothorax and hemothorax. Originally designed for trauma, it is now also used in non-trauma settings to evaluate unstable patients (ie to determine etiology of shock). 

  • ⚠️ Note: Remember that while the FAST exam is valuable, it cannot rule out retroperitoneal bleeding or injuries without free fluid. Always repeat the FAST if the initial scan is negative but clinical suspicion remains high, and consider formal imaging if the patient is stable enough.

Ultrasound Setup

Probe(s): Curvilinear, Phased array

Preset: Abdomen, Cardiac
Depth: Adjust to capture where fluid collects (~15–25 cm for abdominal, 20+ cm for pericardial)

Pericardial View (Subxiphoid)

Steps for Image Acquisition:

  1. Probe Placement: Subxiphoid area (just below sternum)
  2. Technique: Centre the heart and fan to visualize all four heart chambers. Fan carefully to assess for fluid


Findings:

  1. Pericardial effusions: Anechoic, typically seeen posteriorly first. 
  2. Epicardial fat pads: Seen anteriorly with white stranding, not fully anechoic



Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - Morrison's Pouch

Steps for Image Acquisition:

  1. Probe Placement: Mid-axillary line, ~8th–11th ribs 
  2. Technique: Visualize the interface between liver and right kidney (Morrison’s pouch), sweeping carefully
    • Visualize the entirety and look for fluid at:
      • Morrison’s pouch (hepatorenal recess)
      • Tip of liver
      • Subdiaphragmatic space 


  • Finding: Free fluid appears as anechoic (black) in the recesses

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - Splenorenal View

Steps for Image Acquisition:

  1. Probe Placement: Posterior axillary line, ~9th–11th ribs
  2. Technique: Visualize the interface between the spleen and left kidney (splenorenal recess), sweeping carefully
    • Visualize entirety and look for fluid at:
      • Splenorecal recess
      • Under diaphragm


  • Finding: Free fluid between spleen and kidney or above spleen

Pelvic View

Steps for Image Acquisition:

  1. Probe Placement: Transverse orientation just above the pubic symphysis (low down)
  2. Technique: Identify the blader, fan through it, and look for anechoic fluid around it. Rotate to a longitudinal view and scan carefully posterior to the bladder


  • Finding: Free fluid collects in the posterior cul-de-sac (space behind bladder)

E-FAST

  • Anterior lung views: Look for absence of lung sliding (suggests pneumothorax)
  • Posterior or lateral lung views: Look for pleural effusion or hemothorax


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Resource: cpocus.ca, EDE Handbook

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