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    • LVOT VTI
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  • More
    • Home
    • About
    • Knobology
      • What is Ultrasound
      • Cardinal Movements
      • Ultrasound Modes
    • Cardiac
      • Basic Cardiac Views
      • LV Function
      • RV Function
      • Aortic Regurgitation
      • Aortic Stenosis
      • Mitral Regurgitation
      • Tricuspid Regurgitation
    • Lung
      • Lung Assessment
      • Pneumothorax
      • Pleural Effusion
    • Volume Status
      • JVP
      • IVC
    • Abdomen/Renal
      • FAST exam
      • Hydronephrosis
    • Advanced
      • THI/Dynamic Range
      • Velocity Time Integral
      • LVOT VTI
      • VEXUS
    • GIM Fellows
    • POCUS Selective
    • Contact
  • Home
  • About
  • Knobology
    • What is Ultrasound
    • Cardinal Movements
    • Ultrasound Modes
  • Cardiac
    • Basic Cardiac Views
    • LV Function
    • RV Function
    • Aortic Regurgitation
    • Aortic Stenosis
    • Mitral Regurgitation
    • Tricuspid Regurgitation
  • Lung
    • Lung Assessment
    • Pneumothorax
    • Pleural Effusion
  • Volume Status
    • JVP
    • IVC
  • Abdomen/Renal
    • FAST exam
    • Hydronephrosis
  • Advanced
    • THI/Dynamic Range
    • Velocity Time Integral
    • LVOT VTI
    • VEXUS
  • GIM Fellows
  • POCUS Selective
  • Contact

Cardiac - Left Ventricular Outflow Tract - VTI

Parasternal Long Assessment of LVOT

  1. Place cardiac probe at nipple line near the left side of sternum. Slide on anterior chest until obtain view.
  2. Center the heart on screen.
  3. Rotate = length the LV/open the LVOT.
  4. Sweep/fan to widen the LV. Freeze image and zoom into LVOT. 
  5. Click 'calcs' then LV function then LVOT VTI.
  6. Measure the LVOT diameter in cm during systole with aortic valve open (use cineloop for this). 
  7. Click camera to save. 

VTI Determination

  1. Obtain apical 4 chamber view (see prior slides for details). 
  2. Fan/sweep probe + obtain apical 5 chamber view. 
  3. Place pulse wave doppler place at the LVOT.  initiate doppler then freeze image.
  4. Click back into calcs, LV function. Now click VTI and trace the LVOT VTI doppler tracing. Machine will calculate VTI. 
  5. Click camera to save image. 

Cardiac Output Calculation

  1. Determine heart rate.
  2. Math Calculation:
    • Use the LVOT diameter to find LVOT area: Area = pi * radius ^2.
    • Cardiac output (ml/min) = LVOT area * LVOT VTI * heart rate. 
    • Note: the machine will do this entirely in the calcs section. 

  1. Assess for improvements in your cardiac output following intervention (ie fluid bolus, starting inotropes). 

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Resource: cpocus.ca, EDE Handbook

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