1. Mirror Artifact
- Here a mirror image of our target of interest is seen when the ultrasound wave hits a very reflective surface next to air (ie can be seen in parsternal long cardiac imaging).
2. Acoustic Shadowing
- Ultrasound waves hit an area of high attenuation (absorption) ie bone, then see black anechoic shadowing below this structure (ie rib shadow).
3. Edge shadowing
- Ultrasound waves are refracted at the edges of curved structures (ie aorta, gallbladder).
4. Reverberation
- Here have very highly reflective surface where ultrasound waves are reflected back and forth (ie A lines in the lungs).
