JVP

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Probe(s): Linear 

Preset: Vascular

1. Elevate the head of the bed to 30°.
2. Place the probe in short axis (transverse) over the right IJV with the indicator towards the patient’s right.
3. Slide the probe cephalad (towards the head) until the IJV collapses. This marks the upper limit of venous distension.
4. Rotate the probe 90° to obtain the long axis (longitudinal). Center the IJV and slide to find where it tapers down.
5. Measure the vertical distance from the sternal angle to this taper point to estimate JVP.

Tip: Gently compress with the probe. If the vessel flattens easily, it’s likely the IJV. If it resists compression and pulsates, it's the carotid artery. Recall the carotid artery is medial to the IJV. 

Interpretation

JVP ≤3 cm above the sternal angle is considered normal. Elevated JVP ≥4 suggests increased right atrial pressure and may indicate fluid overload, right heart failure, or pulmonary hypertension. This should always be interpreted with the clinical context.